High-quality randomized controlled trials in children that directly compare the effects of whole-fat compared with reduced-fat dairy intake on measures of adiposity or biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk are needed to provide better quality evidence in this area.ĭietary guidelines in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and other countries recommend that adults and children consume predominantly reduced-fat, rather than whole-fat (also known as full-fat or regular-fat) dairy products ( 1–5). Taken as a whole, the limited literature in this field is not consistent with dietary guidelines recommending that children consume preferably reduced-fat dairy products. Most evidence indicated that consumption of whole-fat dairy was not associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, although a change from whole-fat to reduced-fat dairy improved outcomes for some risk factors in 1 study. Studies were consistent in reporting that whole-fat dairy products were not associated with increased measures of weight gain or adiposity. The majority were conducted in the United States and were prospective or cross-sectional observational studies, with only 1 randomized controlled trial. A total of 29 journal articles met our criteria for inclusion. For the purposes of this review, a “whole-fat” dairy product was defined as a product with the natural fat content, whereas a “reduced-fat” dairy product was defined as a product with some or all of the fat removed (including “low-fat” and “skim” versions). We systematically reviewed the literature in indexed, peer-reviewed journals to summarize pediatric studies (children aged from 2 to 18 y) assessing associations between whole- and reduced-fat dairy intake and measures of adiposity as well as biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk, including the serum lipid profile, blood pressure, low-grade chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and measures of glucose homeostasis. Associations in children could differ due to growth and development. In adults, most studies have not found the consumption of whole-fat dairy products to be associated with increased cardiometabolic or adiposity risk. Moreover, preferences and dietary needs vary among individuals, meaning what works for one person may not be the same for another.Dietary guidelines commonly recommend that children aged >2 y consume reduced-fat dairy products rather than regular- or whole-fat dairy. Therefore, it's essential to consider portion sizes and overall calorie intake when deciding between whole milk and skim milk. However, it's important to note that the fat in whole milk can contribute to feelings of satiety, potentially reducing the chance of overeating. When it comes to weight management, choosing skim milk may be more advantageous due to its lower calorie and fat content. Additionally, the lower fat content makes skim milk a suitable choice for individuals who have dietary restrictions due to cholesterol issues or certain health conditions, such as heart disease or gallbladder problems. Skim milk is still an excellent source of calcium, vitamin D, potassium, and vitamin B12, making it a good option for meeting daily nutrient requirements. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals trying to manage or reduce their overall calorie intake. On the other hand, skim milk, also known as fat-free or nonfat milk, is significantly lower in calories compared to whole milk. However, the high fat content of whole milk can also lead to weight gain if consumed in excess, increasing the risk of heart diseases. The fat content in whole milk also contributes to a feeling of satiety, helping to keep you feeling full for longer. The presence of fat in whole milk aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin D, which are crucial for bone health and various bodily functions. Whole milk is rich in essential nutrients, providing a good source of calcium, vitamin D, potassium, and vitamin B12. No matter which type of milk you prefer, you must always keep moderation in mind. This can help you understand what they deliver and what milk suits your needs the best. In this article, we will discuss how they both differ from each other. The main difference lies in the fat content, with whole milk containing around 3.25% fat, while skim milk has been stripped of most or all of its fat content, containing less than 0.2% fat.īesides their fat content, there are various other factors that differentiate whole milk from skimmed milk. Whole milk and skim milk are both derived from animal sources, typically cows, but vary significantly in terms of their fat content and nutritional composition.
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